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RoHS / WEEE / CPSIA / EN71

Background of RoHS & WEEE
To prevent further environmental deterioration, the European Union requires manufacturers to take responsibility for products sold within the EU. The following four key aspects should be considered from the initial product design stage: – Product end-of-life management – Eco-design – Life cycle thinking – Extended producer responsibility Standards for restricted substances and recycling methods have therefore been established, including the RoHS and WEEE Directives, which cover nearly all electrical and electronic products.

Background of RoHS & WEEE

To prevent further environmental deterioration, the European Union requires manufacturers to take responsibility for products sold within the EU. The following four key aspects should be considered from the initial product design stage:
– Product end-of-life management
– Eco-design
– Life cycle thinking
– Extended producer responsibility
Standards for restricted substances and recycling methods have therefore been established, including the RoHS and WEEE Directives, which cover nearly all electrical and electronic products.

RoHS Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances
RoHS Directive Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (emphasizing the restriction of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products) Directive No.: 2002/95/EC Date of Publication: January 27, 2003 Date of Implementation: July 1, 2006 The European Union issued Directive 2002/95/EC (commonly known as the RoHS Directive). The Directive required that eight categories of electrical and electronic equipment placed on the EU market after July 1, 2006, must not contain six hazardous substances: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). RoHS 2.0 – Revised Directive Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (emphasizing the restriction of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products) Directive No.: 2002/95/EC Date of Publication: January 3, 2013 – RoHS 2.0, also known as the revised RoHS Directive Date of Implementation: July 22, 2019 (July 22, 2021, for medical devices and monitoring and control instruments) RoHS 2.0 Annex II was officially revised to include four phthalates—DEHP, BBP, DBP, and DIBP. As a result, a total of ten hazardous substances are currently listed under RoHS 2.0 Annex II. The analytical tools for the original RoHS requirements are relatively well established. XRF is commonly used for heavy metal analysis and for screening brominated flame retardants such as PBB and PBDE. The revised RoHS Directive includes Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr6+, PBB (brominated flame retardants), PBDE (brominated flame retardants), and four phthalates: DEHP, BBP, DBP, and DIBP. The recommended analytical methods include XRF, PY-GCMS, and TDMS.

RoHS Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances

RoHS Directive
Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (emphasizing the restriction of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products)
Directive No.: 2002/95/EC
Date of Publication: January 27, 2003
Date of Implementation: July 1, 2006

The European Union issued Directive 2002/95/EC (commonly known as the RoHS Directive). The Directive required that eight categories of electrical and electronic equipment placed on the EU market after July 1, 2006, must not contain six hazardous substances: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE).

RoHS 2.0 – Revised Directive
Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (emphasizing the restriction of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products)
Directive No.: 2002/95/EC
Date of Publication: January 3, 2013 – RoHS 2.0, also known as the revised RoHS Directive
Date of Implementation: July 22, 2019 (July 22, 2021, for medical devices and monitoring and control instruments)

RoHS 2.0 Annex II was officially revised to include four phthalates—DEHP, BBP, DBP, and DIBP. As a result, a total of ten hazardous substances are currently listed under RoHS 2.0 Annex II.

The analytical tools for the original RoHS requirements are relatively well established. XRF is commonly used for heavy metal analysis and for screening brominated flame retardants such as PBB and PBDE. The revised RoHS Directive includes Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr6+, PBB (brominated flame retardants), PBDE (brominated flame retardants), and four phthalates: DEHP, BBP, DBP, and DIBP. The recommended analytical methods include XRF, PY-GCMS, and TDMS.

WEEE Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

WEEE Directive
Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment Directive (emphasizing environmentally friendly design and recycling of electrical and electronic products)
Directive No.: 2002/96/EC
Date of Publication: February 23, 2003
Date of Implementation: August 13, 2005

Scope of WEEE

Large household appliances	Large household appliances
Small household appliances	Small household appliances
IT and telecommunications equipment	IT and telecommunications equipment
Consumer equipment	Consumer electronics
Lighting equipment	Lighting equipment
Electrical and electronic tools	Electrical and electronic tools
Toys, leisure and sports equipment	Toys, leisure and sports equipment
Medical devices	Medical devices
Monitoring and control instruments	Monitoring and control equipment
Automatic dispensers	Automatic vending machines

Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) Requirements
Regulatory requirements and analytical methods for children's products A "children's product" refers to a consumer product designed or primarily intended for use by children aged 12 or younger. The manufacturer's statement regarding the intended use of the product, provided that such statement is reasonable, including any labeling on the product. Whether the product is represented in its packaging, display, promotion, or advertising as appropriate for use by children aged 12 or younger. Whether consumers generally recognize the product as being suitable for use by children aged 12 or younger. Including clothing, footwear, bedding, children's toy accessories, fashion accessories (hair clips, bags, etc.), stationery, children's products (cribs, children's chairs, strollers, and related items), backpacks, cups, tableware, drinking glasses, forks, spoons, and knives. The Age Determination Guidelines issued by Commission staff in September 2002 and similar guidelines issued subsequently. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA), signed into law on August 14, 2008. Restrictions on total lead (Pb) and certain phthalates in children's products began on February 10, 2009.

Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) Requirements

Regulatory requirements and analytical methods for children's products
A "children's product" refers to a consumer product designed or primarily intended for use by children aged 12 or younger.
The manufacturer's statement regarding the intended use of the product, provided that such statement is reasonable, including any labeling on the product.
Whether the product is represented in its packaging, display, promotion, or advertising as appropriate for use by children aged 12 or younger.
Whether consumers generally recognize the product as being suitable for use by children aged 12 or younger.
Including clothing, footwear, bedding, children's toy accessories, fashion accessories (hair clips, bags, etc.), stationery, children's products (cribs, children's chairs, strollers, and related items), backpacks, cups, tableware, drinking glasses, forks, spoons, and knives.
The Age Determination Guidelines issued by Commission staff in September 2002 and similar guidelines issued subsequently.
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA), signed into law on August 14, 2008.
Restrictions on total lead (Pb) and certain phthalates in children's products began on February 10, 2009.

CPSIA (CPSC or HR404)
Phthalate Restrictions – DEHP, DBP, and BBP in children's toys or child care articles must not exceed 300 ppm each. – DINP, DIDP, and DNOP in children's toys or child care articles that can be placed in a child's mouth must not exceed 300 ppm each. Lead Content Requirements – Surface coatings on products: 600 ppm by weight of the nonvolatile content of surface paint. Effective August 14, 2009, the limit was reduced to no more than 90 ppm. – Products (including components and substrates): Effective February 10, 2009, the limit was 600 ppm. Effective August 14, 2009, the lead content limit was reduced to no more than 300 ppm. Effective August 14, 2011, the limit was reduced to no more than 100 ppm. Test Methods: XRF, ICP, PY-GCMS, GCMS

CPSIA (CPSC or HR404)

Phthalate Restrictions
– DEHP, DBP, and BBP in children's toys or child care articles must not exceed 300 ppm each.
– DINP, DIDP, and DNOP in children's toys or child care articles that can be placed in a child's mouth must not exceed 300 ppm each.

Lead Content Requirements
– Surface coatings on products:

600 ppm by weight of the nonvolatile content of surface paint.
Effective August 14, 2009, the limit was reduced to no more than 90 ppm.

– Products (including components and substrates):

Effective February 10, 2009, the limit was 600 ppm.
Effective August 14, 2009, the lead content limit was reduced to no more than 300 ppm.
Effective August 14, 2011, the limit was reduced to no more than 100 ppm.

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